ifwht() - Signal Processing

y = ifwht(x) returns the coefficients of
the inverse discrete fast Walsh-Hadamard transform of the input x.
If x is a matrix, the inverse fast Walsh-Hadamard
transform is calculated on each column of x. The
inverse fast Walsh-Hadamard transform operates only on signals with
length equal to a power of 2. If the length of x is
less than a power of 2, its length is padded with zeros to the next
greater power of two before processing.y = ifwht(x,n) returns the n-point
inverse discrete Walsh-Hadamard transform, where n must
be a power of 2. y = ifwht(x,n,ordering) specifies the ordering
to use for the returned inverse Walsh-Hadamard transform coefficients.
To specify the ordering, you must enter a value for the length n or,
to use the default behavior, specify an empty vector ([])
for n. Valid values for the ordering are the following
strings:OrderingDescription
'sequency'Coefficients in order of ascending sequency value, where each
row has an additional zero crossing. This is the default ordering.
'hadamard'Coefficients in normal Hadamard order.
'dyadic'Coefficients in Gray code order, where a single bit change
occurs from one coefficient to the next.

Syntax

y = ifwht(x)y = ifwht(x,n)y = ifwht(x,n,ordering)

Example

Walsh-Hadamard Transform for Spectral Analysis and Compression of ECG SignalsOpen This Example
Use an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal to illustrate working with the Walsh-Hadamard transform. ECG signals typically are very large and need to be stored for analysis and retrieval at a future time. Walsh-Hadamard transforms are particularly well-suited to this application because they provide compression and thus require less storage space. They also provide rapid signal reconstruction.
Start with an ECG signal. Replicate it to create a longer signal and insert some additional random noise.xe = ecg(512);
xr = repmat(xe,1,8);
x = xr + 0.1.*randn(1,length(xr));
Transform the signal using the fast Walsh-Hadamard transform. Plot the original signal and the transformed signal.y = fwht(x);

subplot(2,1,1)
plot(x)
xlabel('Sample index')
ylabel('Amplitude')
title('ECG Signal')

subplot(2,1,2)
plot(abs(y))
xlabel('Sequency index')
ylabel('Magnitude')
title('WHT Coefficients')

The plot shows that most of the signal energy is in the lower sequency values, below approximately 1100. Store only the first 1024 coefficients (out of 4096). Try to reconstruct the signal accurately from only these stored coefficients.y(1025:length(x)) = 0;
xHat = ifwht(y);

figure
plot(x)
hold on
plot(xHat)
xlabel('Sample Index')
ylabel('ECG Signal Amplitude')
legend('Original','Reconstructed')

The reproduced signal is very close to the original but has been compressed to a quarter of the size. Storing more coefficients is a tradeoff between increased resolution and increased noise, while storing fewer coefficients can cause loss of peaks.

Output / Return Value

Limitations

Alternatives / See Also

Reference